Tsarin Mannheim don Potassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Production

Babban Hanyoyin Samar da Potassium Sulfate

Tsarin Mannheim is tsarin masana'antu don samar da K2SO4,amsawar bazuwar tsakanin kashi 98% na sulfuric acid da potassium chloride a yanayin zafi mai zafi tare da a matsayin sinadari na hydrochloric acid. Takamaiman matakan sun haɗa da haɗa potassium chloride da acid sulfuric da amsa su a yanayin zafi mai zafi don samar da potassium sulfate da hydrochloric acid.

Crystallizationsrabuwayana samar da potassium sulfate ta hanyar gasa alkali kamar tung iri harsashi da ash shuka, sannan a biyo baya.leaching, tacewa, maida hankali, centrifugal rabuwa da bushewa don samun potassium sulfate.

Martani naPotassium chloridekumaSulfuric acid a takamaiman yanayin zafi a cikin takamaiman rabo wata hanya ce don samun potassium sulfate.Takamaiman matakan sun haɗa da narkar da potassium chloride a cikin ruwan dumi, ƙara sulfuric acid don amsawa, sa'an nan kuma yin crystallizing a 100-140 ° C, tare da rabuwa, neutralization, da bushewa don samar da potassium sulfate.

Amfanin Mannheim Potassium Sulfate

Tsarin Mennheim shine hanyar farko ta samar da potassium sulfate a ketare. Hanyar abin dogara da ƙayyadaddun tsari yana samar da ma'auni na potassium sulfate tare da ingantaccen ruwa mai narkewa. Maganin acid mai rauni ya dace da ƙasa alkaline.

Ka'idodin samarwa

Tsarin Amsa:

1. Sulfuric acid da potassium chloride suna da mitoci daidai gwargwado kuma ana ciyar da su daidai a cikin ɗakin amsawar tanderun Mannheim, inda suke amsawa don samar da potassium sulfate da hydrogen chloride.

2. Halin yana faruwa a matakai biyu:

i. Mataki na farko shine exothermic kuma yana faruwa a ƙananan zafin jiki.

ii. Mataki na biyu ya ƙunshi jujjuyawar potassium bisulfate zuwa potassium sulfate, wanda ke da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.

Sarrafa zafin jiki:

1. Dole ne abin da ya faru ya faru a yanayin zafi sama da 268 ° C, tare da mafi kyawun kewayon shine 500-600 ° C don tabbatar da inganci ba tare da lalata sulfuric acid mai yawa ba.

2. A cikin ainihin samarwa, yawan zafin jiki yana sarrafawa tsakanin 510-530 ° C don kwanciyar hankali da inganci.

Amfanin zafi:

1. A dauki ne sosai endothermic, bukatar m zafi wadata daga halitta gas konewa.

2. Kusan kashi 44% na zafin wutar tanderun yana ɓacewa ta bango, 40% ana ɗauka ta iskar gas, kuma kawai 16% ana amfani dashi don ainihin abin da ya faru.

Muhimman abubuwan Tsarin Mannheim

Tanderudiamita shine yanke hukunci na iyawar samarwa. Manyan tanderu a duniya suna da diamita na mita 6.A lokaci guda, ingantaccen tsarin tuki shine garantin ci gaba da karko.Abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa dole ne su jure yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, acid mai ƙarfi, kuma suna ba da canjin zafi mai kyau. Dole ne kayan aikin motsa jiki su kasance masu juriya ga zafi, lalata, da lalacewa.

Ingancin Gas na Hydrogen Chloride:

1.Maintaining wani ɗan sarari a cikin dauki dakin tabbatar da cewa iska da kuma flue iskar gas ba narke da hydrogen chloride.

2.Proper sealing da kuma aiki zai iya cimma HCl taro na 50% ko mafi girma.

Takaddun Takaddun Abubuwan Raw:

1.Potassium chloride:Dole ne ya dace da takamaiman danshi, girman barbashi, da buƙatun abun ciki na potassium oxide don ingantaccen amsawa.

2.Sulfuric acid:Yana buƙatar maida hankali na 99% don tsabta da daidaitaccen amsa.

Sarrafa zafin jiki:

1.Dakin Amsa (510-530°C):Yana tabbatar da cikakken amsawa.

2.Ƙungiyar Konewa:Daidaita shigar da iskar gas don ingantaccen konewa.

3.Wutsiya zafin jiki:Sarrafa don hana toshewar shaye-shaye da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen iskar gas.

Tsari Gudun Aiki

• Martani:Potassium chloride da sulfuric acid ana ci gaba da ciyar da su cikin ɗakin amsawa. Sakamakon potassium sulfate ana fitar da shi, an sanyaya shi, an duba shi, kuma an ba da shi tare da calcium oxide kafin shiryawa.
• Gudanar da Samfura:
  • Ana kwantar da iskar hydrogen chloride mai zafi mai zafi kuma ana tsarkake ta ta hanyar jerin gogewa da hasumiya masu sha don samar da sinadarin hydrochloric acid (31-37% HCl).
  • Ana kula da fitar da iskar gas ɗin wutsiya don cika ka'idojin muhalli.

Kalubale da Ingantawa

1. Asarar zafi:Ana asarar zafi mai mahimmanci ta hanyar iskar gas da ganuwar tanderun, yana nuna buƙatar ingantattun tsarin dawo da zafi.
2. Lalacewar Kayan Aiki:Tsarin yana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi da yanayin acidic, yana haifar da lalacewa da ƙalubalen kiyayewa.
3. Amfanin Haɗarin Acid Hydrochloric Acid:Kasuwancin acid hydrochloric na iya zama cikakke, yana buƙatar bincike cikin madadin amfani ko hanyoyin rage fitar da samfur.

Tsarin samar da potassium sulfate na Mannheim ya ƙunshi nau'ikan iskar gas iri biyu: sharar konewa daga iskar gas da kuma samar da iskar hydrogen chloride.

Ƙunƙarar Konewa:

Yawan zafin jiki na konewa yana kusa da 450 ° C. Ana canja wannan zafin ta hanyar mai warkewa kafin a sallame shi. Duk da haka, ko da bayan musayar zafi, yawan zafin jiki na iskar gas ya kasance a kusan 160 ° C, kuma wannan ragowar zafi yana fitowa a cikin yanayi.

Samfuran Hydrogen Chloride Gas:

Gas ɗin hydrogen chloride yana gogewa a cikin hasumiya mai wanki na sulfuric acid, sha a cikin faɗuwar fim ɗin, da kuma tsarkakewa a cikin hasumiya mai tsarkake iskar gas kafin a fitar da shi. Wannan tsari yana haifar da 31% hydrochloric acid, a cikinsa mafi girmamaida hankali zai iya haifar da hayakiba har zuwama'auni da kuma haifar da abin "jawo wutsiya" a cikin shaye-shaye.Saboda haka, real lokacihydrochloric acid ma'aunin maida hankali yana da mahimmanci a samarwa.

Ana iya ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa don ingantacciyar tasiri:

Rage Acid Concentration: Rage ƙwayar acid yayin aiwatar da shatare dainline yawa mita don ingantaccen saka idanu.

Haɓaka Girman Ruwan da ke Zagayawa: Haɓaka zazzagewar ruwa a cikin faɗuwar-fim mai ɗaukar hoto don haɓaka haɓakar sha.

Rage lodi akan Hasumiya Tsabtace Gas: Inganta ayyuka don rage nauyi akan tsarin tsarkakewa.

Ta hanyar waɗannan gyare-gyare da kuma aiki mai kyau na tsawon lokaci, za'a iya kawar da al'amuran ja da wutsiya, tabbatar da cewa hayaki ya cika ka'idojin da ake bukata.