Yawoa cikin Amfani
Tushen ruwa yana ƙara ƙimar ma'adanai ta hanyar fasaha da kera ma'adanai masu mahimmanci daga ma'adinan gangue a cikin sarrafa ma'adinai ta hanyar bambance-bambancen jiki da sinadarai. Ko ana mu'amala da karafa marasa ƙarfi, ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ko ma'adinan da ba na ƙarfe ba, tuwo yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da albarkatun ƙasa masu inganci.
1. Hanyoyin ruwa
(1) Tafiya kai tsaye
Yin iyo kai tsaye yana nufin tace ma'adanai masu mahimmanci daga slurry ta hanyar ba su damar manne da kumfa na iska kuma su yi iyo a saman, yayin da ma'adinan gangue ya kasance a cikin slurry. Wannan hanya tana da mahimmanci a cikin fa'idar karafa marasa ƙarfi. Misali, sarrafa tama yana zuwa matakin hawan ruwa ne bayan an yi nika da nika a sarrafa taman tagulla, inda aka gabatar da takamaiman masu tara aniya don canza yanayin ruwa a bar su su toshe saman ma'adinan tagulla. Sa'an nan hydrophobic jan karfe barbashi hade zuwa iska kumfa da kuma tashi, forming wani Layer na kumfa mai arzikin jan karfe. Ana tattara wannan kumfa a cikin ma'adinan farko na ma'adanai na jan karfe, wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban kayan albarkatun ƙasa don ƙarin haɓakawa.
(2) Juya Juyawa
Juya flotation ya ƙunshi iyo da gangue ma'adanai yayin da muhimmanci ma'adanai kasance a cikin slurry. Misali, a cikin sarrafa tama na ƙarfe tare da ƙazantattun ma'adini, ana amfani da masu tattara anionic ko cationic don canza yanayin sinadarai na slurry. Wannan yana canza yanayin hydrophilic na quartz zuwa hydrophobic, yana ba shi damar haɗawa da kumfa na iska da iyo.
(3) Gwargwadon Ruwa
Lokacin da ma'adinan ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu ko fiye masu mahimmanci, fifikon flotation yana raba su a jere bisa dalilai kamar ayyukan ma'adinai da ƙimar tattalin arziki. Wannan mataki-mataki-mataki tsari na hawan igiyar ruwa yana tabbatar da cewa an dawo da kowane ma'adinai mai mahimmanci tare da tsafta mai yawa da kuma farfadowa, yana kara yawan amfani da albarkatu.
(4) Yawan Yawo
Tushen ruwa mai girma yana kula da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci gabaɗaya, yana shawagi su tare don samun haɗaɗɗun tattarawa, sannan kuma rabuwa ta gaba. Misali, a cikin fa'idar jan ƙarfe-nickel tama, inda ma'adinan jan ƙarfe da nickel ke da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa, yawancin flotation ta yin amfani da reagents kamar xanthates ko thiols suna ba da damar hawan jan karfe na sulfide da ma'adanai na nickel, suna samar da taro mai gauraya. Matsalolin rabuwa masu rikitarwa na gaba, kamar yin amfani da lemun tsami da reagents na cyanide, keɓe babban tsaftataccen jan ƙarfe da nickel. Wannan tsarin "tattara-farko, daban-bayan baya" yana rage asarar ma'adanai masu mahimmanci a cikin matakan farko kuma yana inganta ƙimar farfadowa gaba ɗaya don hadaddun ma'adanai.
2. Tsarin Ruwa: Daidaitaccen Mataki-mataki
(1) Tsarin Ruwan Ruwa: Ƙaruwa na Ƙarfafawa
A cikin yin iyo, mataki na flotation yana jagorantar sarrafa ma'auni mai rikitarwa ta hanyar rarraba tsarin hawan ruwa zuwa matakai masu yawa.
Misali, a cikin tsarin tuwon ruwa mai hawa biyu, ma'adinan na fuskantar nika mai tsanani, wani bangare na 'yantar da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci. Matakin iyo na farko yana dawo da waɗannan ma'adinan da aka 'yantar a matsayin mayar da hankali na farko. Sauran barbashi marasa 'yanci suna ci gaba zuwa mataki na biyu na niƙa don ƙarin girman raguwa, sannan mataki na biyu na iyo. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa sauran ma'adanai masu mahimmanci sun rabu sosai kuma an haɗa su tare da matakan farko-mataki. Wannan hanya tana hana yin niƙa a matakin farko, yana rage sharar ƙasa, kuma yana inganta daidaiton ruwa.
Don ƙarin hadaddun ma'adanai, kamar waɗanda ke ƙunshe da ƙananan karafa da yawa tare da tsarin kristal daure, ana iya amfani da tsarin hawan ruwa mai matakai uku. Matsakaicin matakan niƙa da matakan ruwa suna ba da izinin dubawa mai zurfi kuma tabbatar da cewa an fitar da kowane ma'adinai mai mahimmanci tare da matsakaicin tsafta da ƙimar dawowa, shimfiɗa tushe mai ƙarfi don ƙarin aiki.
3. Mabuɗin Abubuwan Dake Cikin Ruwa
(1) Ƙimar pH: Ƙimar Ma'auni na Slurry Acidity
Ƙimar pH na slurry yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin iyo, yana da tasiri sosai ga ma'adinai da kuma aikin reagent. Lokacin da pH ke sama da ma'aunin isoelectric na ma'adinai, saman ya zama mummunan caji; a ƙasa da shi, saman yana da inganci. Waɗannan canje-canje a cikin cajin saman suna yin bayanin hulɗar adsorption tsakanin ma'adanai da reagents, kamar jan hankali ko turewar maganadisu.
Alal misali, a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic, ma'adinan sulfide suna amfana daga ingantattun ayyukan tattarawa, yana mai da sauƙin kama ma'adinan sulfide. Sabanin haka, yanayin alkaline yana sauƙaƙe hawan ma'adinan oxide ta hanyar gyaggyara kaddarorin su don haɓaka alaƙar reagent.
Ma'adanai daban-daban suna buƙatar takamaiman matakan pH don yin iyo, yana buƙatar ingantaccen sarrafawa. Misali, a cikin flotation na ma'adini da gaurayawan calcite, ma'adini na iya yin iyo da kyau ta hanyar daidaita pH slurry zuwa 2-3 da amfani da masu tarawa na tushen amine. Akasin haka, ana amfani da flotation calcite a cikin yanayin alkaline tare da masu tattara fatty acid. Wannan daidaitaccen daidaitawar pH shine mabuɗin don cimma ingantaccen rabuwar ma'adinai.
(2) Tsarin Mulki
Tsarin reagent yana sarrafa tsarin flotation, wanda ya ƙunshi zaɓi, sashi, shiri, da ƙari na reagents. Reagents suna zabar su shiga saman saman ma'adinan da aka yi niyya, suna canza hydrophobicity.
Frothers suna daidaita kumfa a cikin slurry kuma suna sauƙaƙe hawan ruwa na barbashi na hydrophobic. Common frothers sun hada da Pine man da cresol mai, wanda samar da barga, da-sized kumfa don barbashi abin da aka makala.
Masu gyara suna kunna ko hana kaddarorin saman ma'adinai da daidaita yanayin sinadarai ko electrochemical na slurry.
Matsakaicin adadin reagent yana buƙatar daidaito-rashin isasshen adadin yana rage yawan ruwa, rage yawan dawo da ƙima, yayin da yawan adadin sharar gida, haɓaka farashi, da daidaita haɓakar ƙima. Na'urori masu hankali kamarkan layi maida hankali mitaiya gane daidai iko na reagents allurai.
Lokaci da hanyar ƙara reagent suma suna da mahimmanci. Ana ƙara masu daidaitawa, masu bacin rai, da wasu masu tarawa yayin niƙa don shirya yanayin sinadarai na slurry da wuri. Ana ƙara masu tarawa da frothers a cikin tanki na farko don haɓaka tasirin su a lokuta masu mahimmanci.
(3) Yawan Aeration
Yawan iska yana haifar da ingantattun yanayi don haɗe-haɗen ma'adinai-kumfa, yana mai da shi wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin iyo. Rashin isassun iskar iska yana haifar da ƴan kumfa, yana rage karo da damar haɗin kai, ta haka yana ɓata aikin tuwo. Fiye da iska yana haifar da tashin hankali da yawa, yana haifar da kumfa don karyewa da kuma kawar da barbashi da aka haɗe, yana rage inganci.
Injiniyoyin suna amfani da hanyoyi kamar tarin iskar gas ko ma'aunin kwararar iska na tushen anemometer don daidaita ƙimar iska. Don ƙananan barbashi, haɓaka iska don samar da kumfa mafi girma yana inganta haɓakar ruwa. Don barbashi mai kyau ko sauƙi mai iyo, gyare-gyare a hankali yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da ingantaccen iyo.
(4)Lokacin Ruwa
Lokacin tuwa ruwa wani ƙayyadadden ma'auni ne tsakanin matakin maida hankali da ƙimar dawowa, yana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawa. A farkon matakai, ma'adanai masu mahimmanci suna haɗuwa da sauri zuwa kumfa, wanda zai haifar da ƙimar farfadowa da kuma mayar da hankali ga maki.
A tsawon lokaci, yayin da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci suna shawagi, ma'adanai na gangue kuma na iya tashi, suna lalata tsabta. Don ma'adanai masu sauƙi tare da ma'adanai masu ƙima da sauƙi masu iyo, gajeriyar lokutan iyo ya isa, yana tabbatar da ƙimar farfadowa mai yawa ba tare da sadaukar da matsayi mai mahimmanci ba. Don hadaddun ma'adanai ko magudanar ruwa, lokuttan ruwa mai tsayi suna da mahimmanci don ba da damar ma'adanai masu kyau da isasshen lokacin hulɗa tare da reagents da kumfa. Matsakaicin daidaitawa na lokacin yin iyo alama ce ta ingantacciyar fasahar tuwo.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-22-2025
